Sports Team Transportation Vancouver

Sports Team Transportation Vancouver

Motor coach rental

Their experienced team works closely with you, tailoring services to fit your unique needs. From versatile rental solutions to pioneering sustainable travel, they're not just meeting expectations; they're setting new benchmarks. Learn more about Sports Team Transportation Vancouver here Star Coach's commitment to combining aesthetics with function means you get the best of both worlds. City tour bus It's this dedication to safety and maintenance that sets them apart, making them a top choice for corporate and event travel. From the plush seating to the state-of-the-art entertainment systems, every detail has been considered to ensure passengers not only travel in style but also enjoy a journey that's as memorable as their destination.
And let's not forget the climate control system, keeping the interior at a perfect, comfortable temperature regardless of what's happening outside. With Star Coach Bus Rentals, elevating your group travel experience in Vancouver becomes effortless and enjoyable. Got a question? Star Coach is committed to reducing its environmental footprint through various eco-friendly initiatives, ensuring your travels aren't only luxurious but also sustainable.
They're trained to navigate Vancouver's streets with precision, ensuring your journey isn't only comfortable but safe. Should art and culture top your list, they'll guide you to the city's renowned museums and galleries. By choosing us for your travel needs, you're selecting a service that places your well-being at the forefront of everything we do. Their online booking system allows you to select your preferred luxury bus, specify your travel dates, and detail your itinerary, all within a few clicks.
Plus, each seat comes with its own climate control, ensuring you stay comfortable, regardless of the weather outside. You'll also notice a theme of gratitude for the personalized attention to detail. But beyond the obvious perks, there's an underlying story of sustainability and customer satisfaction that might just pique your interest. Bus hire You can make adjustments to your booking up to a certain period before your trip, ensuring that any changes in your travel plans are accommodated. Learn more about Charter Bus Rentals in Vancouver, BC here.

They've implemented a strict adherence to safety protocols, including regular safety drills and the availability of first aid kits on every bus. Whether you prefer to pay upfront or require a payment plan, we've got you covered. Plus, with the ability to book months in advance, you can secure the best rates and guarantee that your transportation is all set. Entertainment options are at your fingertips, with a selection of movies, games, and music available through individual entertainment systems. You'll find that the fleet is meticulously curated to suit various group sizes and preferences.

Transport services

  • Festival shuttle
  • Casino shuttle
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus driver service
  • Team travel
  • Charter transportation
  • City tour bus
  • Transport services
  • Corporate bus rental
  • Bus for hire
  • Event shuttles
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Group tour bus
  • Field trip bus
  • Vancouver BC
  • Passenger bus rental
  • British Columbia
  • Community bus service
  • Bus line


You're likely seeking a balance between affordability and high-quality service for your group's travel needs. Unlike many other bus rental services, Star Coach doesn't just slap on a one-size-fits-all price tag. They're committed to maintaining the highest safety standards, keeping you safe and secure, no matter the destination. With onboard Wi-Fi, you can stay connected, share moments in real-time, or get some work done. Bus fleet

You're not just moving from point A to B; you're embarking on a scenic voyage, where every turn presents a new picture-perfect panorama. The onboard entertainment system features large screens and a selection of movies and music, catering to a variety of tastes. Their user-friendly website allows you to select your preferred travel dates, bus size, and any additional amenities with just a few clicks. Well, imagine gliding through Vancouver's streets and beyond in a vehicle designed not just for travel, but for an experience.

Minibus rental

  1. Event transportation
  2. Bus travel
  3. Downtown Vancouver
  4. Safe bus rental
  5. Charter vehicle
  6. Shuttle service
  7. Luxury transportation
  8. Tour bus rental
  9. Crew shuttle
  10. Coach hire
  11. Senior group travel
  12. Long-distance bus
  13. Sightseeing bus
  14. Bus charter
  15. Sport team transportation
  16. Festival shuttle


It's all about making your Vancouver adventure as memorable and personal as possible. You're not just choosing a premium travel option; you're supporting a company that's serious about protecting the environment. Imagine stepping onto a bus and feeling like you've entered a mobile lounge rather than a cramped, conventional vehicle. Booking is just as convenient.

Vancouver Party Bus Rentals

Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. The Metro Vancouver area had a population of 2.6 million in 2021, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Greater Vancouver, along with the Fraser Valley, comprises the Lower Mainland with a regional population of over 3 million. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over 5,700 inhabitants per square kilometre (15,000/sq mi), and the fourth highest in North America (after New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City).

Citations and other links

Upscale Shuttle Service Vancouver

Their goal is to transform your journey into a memorable part of your event. It's this dedication to excellence that has solidified Star Coach's position at the top of the bus rental market. Inside, you'll find clean, spacious seating, climate control, and entertainment options to make your trip enjoyable. You're not just picking a bus; you're customizing your journey.

Convention transport

  • Tour bus rental
  • Crew shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Senior group travel
  • Long-distance bus
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Bus charter
  • Sport team transportation
  • Festival shuttle
  • Event shuttles
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Group tour bus
  • Field trip bus
  • Vancouver BC
  • Passenger bus rental
  • British Columbia
  • Community bus service
  • Bus line
  • Bus provider
Star Coach has made it incredibly easy to book your bus rental well in advance, giving you peace of mind and more time to focus on other aspects of your trip. Transport services

At the heart of their service, Star Coach prioritizes your safety by adhering to rigorous maintenance and safety standards for all their buses. Safety is a recurring theme in these testimonials. In essence, we're committed to providing you with an elite travel experience that's both affordable and exceptional. If your group craves culinary explorations, Star Coach can weave through Vancouver's best eateries.

Every seat feels like the best seat in the house, offering panoramic views of the city's stunning landscapes from the North Shore Mountains to the sparkling waters of English Bay. Star Coach offers a variety of luxury buses to suit different group sizes and preferences, so you'll easily find one that fits your needs. Entertainment options are plentiful, with individual screens offering a range of movies, shows, and music channels. Vancouver region This means you're not left to navigate the overwhelming options alone.

With Star Coach, you're not just getting from point A to point B; you're doing so in a way that's tailored just for you, ensuring your travel is as smooth and enjoyable as the event itself. While enjoying the spacious interiors of the Prevost H3-45 enhances your comfort, it's the advanced safety features that ensure your journey isn't only luxurious but also secure. Once your booking is confirmed, you'll receive a detailed confirmation email, outlining everything you need to know about your upcoming journey. Casino shuttle Motor coach rental It's these exceptional onboard services that make a trip with Star Coach an integral part of your Vancouver adventure.

Upscale Shuttle Service Vancouver
VIP Private Coach Service Vancouver

VIP Private Coach Service Vancouver

From the plush seating that whispers comfort to the entertainment features that keep the boredom at bay, there's a lot to discuss about how these buses are redefining travel norms. They offer various packages, each with detailed breakdowns of what's included, so you can choose what best fits your needs and budget. You'll find the cabin of the H3-45 surprisingly serene, thanks to its advanced noise reduction technology. Their advanced booking system, punctuality, and onboard amenities only sweeten the deal.
It's not just about arriving at your destination but doing so when you expect to, without any unpleasant surprises. Airport transfer Booking your luxury bus experience with Star Coach isn't just about securing transportation; it's about starting the journey of a lifetime with confidence and excitement. Moreover, the ability to customize doesn't stop at choosing a bus.
It's also about consistently delivering high-quality service, maintaining their fleet to avoid breakdowns, and being prepared for any situation that might arise. Read more about Sports Team Transportation Vancouver here Star Coach's luxury bus rentals are the perfect solution for any event, ensuring your transportation needs are met with style and comfort. Picture yourself sinking into sumptuous leather seats, losing yourself in a movie on a high-definition screen, or simply enjoying the panoramic views through expansive windows.
That's why we offer options ranging from basic transportation services to comprehensive travel packages that include guided tours and scheduled stops at Vancouver's must-see attractions. You're not just getting a ride; you're securing a premium travel experience. Furthermore, the coach is fitted with a Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS), alerting you if you're unintentionally drifting out of your lane.

Elite Bus Charter Vancouver

This means you can relax, work, or entertain yourself and your guests as you travel, turning what could be a mundane trip into an enjoyable, productive, or restful experience.

Vancouver region

  1. Event shuttles
  2. Luxury bus rental
  3. Group tour bus
  4. Field trip bus
  5. Vancouver BC
  6. Passenger bus rental
  7. British Columbia
  8. Community bus service
  9. Bus line
  10. Bus provider
  11. Vancouver
  12. Bus services
  13. Event transportation
  14. Bus travel
  15. Downtown Vancouver
  16. Safe bus rental
  17. Charter vehicle
  18. Shuttle service
  19. Luxury transportation
  20. Tour bus rental
They've done their homework, comparing their prices with other providers in Vancouver, to make sure you're getting a top-notch service without breaking the bank.



Convention transport

  1. Group tour bus
  2. Field trip bus
  3. Vancouver BC
  4. Passenger bus rental
  5. British Columbia
  6. Community bus service
  7. Bus line
  8. Bus provider
  9. Vancouver
  10. Bus services
  11. Event transportation
  12. Bus travel
  13. Downtown Vancouver
  14. Safe bus rental
  15. Charter vehicle
  16. Shuttle service
  17. Luxury transportation
Elite Bus Charter Vancouver
Chauffeured Limousine Coach Vancouver
Chauffeured Limousine Coach Vancouver

Safety and comfort are their top priorities, so you can rest assured that every detail, from the driver's expertise to the vehicle's maintenance, is taken care of. Moreover, we're passionate about educating our staff and passengers on the importance of sustainability. After you've input all your details, you'll receive an instant quote. Customers often cite the cleanliness of the vehicles, the friendliness of the drivers, and the ease of the booking process as reasons they come back.

You're not just getting a ride; you're stepping into a seamlessly organized service designed to cater to your needs, schedules, and preferences. Stay with us to uncover the secrets behind their success and how you can elevate your next group travel experience to first-class status. Star Coach's team works meticulously to match the right vehicle and amenities to your specific occasion.

While considering the environmental benefits of choosing Star Coach, don't overlook the exceptional onboard amenities that await you. But it's not just about comfort; it's about the experience. They understand that no two trips are the same.

From corporate clients to wedding parties, the stories speak volumes about the quality and reliability of their service. Personal charging stations ensure your devices are always powered up, so you never miss out. From the initial inquiry to the final drop-off, their team ensures your needs are met with professionalism and courtesy.

City tour bus

  • Crew shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Senior group travel
  • Long-distance bus
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Bus charter
  • Sport team transportation
  • Festival shuttle
  • Bus fleet
  • Convention transport
  • Airport transfer
  • Bus hire
  • Vancouver area
  • Casino shuttle
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus driver service
  • Team travel
  • Charter transportation
  • City tour bus
  • Transport services


Vancouver VIP Tour Bus

You'll find that their reviews paint a picture of unparalleled luxury, reliability, and customer care that's hard to match. They offer everything from luxury coaches for large groups to smaller, more intimate buses for exclusive gatherings. Let's create your memorable journey together. Star Coach takes that load off your shoulders. Moreover, Star Coach often runs promotions and discounts, especially for early bookings or off-peak periods, allowing you to enjoy even more value.
Whether you're organizing a corporate event, planning a family reunion, or setting up a tour for a group of friends, they've got you covered. These seats aren't just comfortable; they're adjustable, allowing you to find the perfect spot for a nap or to enjoy the views.

Convention transport

  1. Downtown Vancouver
  2. Safe bus rental
  3. Charter vehicle
  4. Shuttle service
  5. Luxury transportation
  6. Tour bus rental
  7. Crew shuttle
  8. Coach hire
  9. Senior group travel
  10. Long-distance bus
  11. Sightseeing bus
  12. Bus charter
  13. Sport team transportation
  14. Festival shuttle
  15. Airport transfer
  16. Bus hire
  17. Vancouver area
  18. Casino shuttle
  19. Vancouver region
Star Coach offers tailored corporate travel packages designed to meet the specific needs of your business, ensuring a seamless journey for you and your team. Plus, their booking process is straightforward, ensuring you get exactly what you need without any hassle.
These coaches offer an environment conducive to both relaxation and productivity. Let's be part of your next occasion, and we'll ensure it's as memorable as the event itself. It's this combination of diverse options and an accommodating approach that ensures Star Coach meets any requirement with unparalleled service.

Team travel

  1. Festival shuttle
  2. Charter transportation
  3. City tour bus
  4. Transport services
  5. Corporate bus rental
  6. Bus for hire
  7. Event shuttles
  8. Luxury bus rental
  9. Group tour bus
  10. Field trip bus
  11. Vancouver BC
  12. Passenger bus rental
  13. British Columbia
  14. Community bus service
  15. Bus line
  16. Bus provider
  17. Vancouver
  18. Bus services
Each seat is equipped with personal charging stations, ensuring your devices stay powered up as you travel.
After submitting your request, you'll receive a detailed quote, breaking down all costs with no hidden fees. Booking your journey with Star Coach is as straightforward and hassle-free as it gets. It's a seamless blend of comfort, style, and conscientious living. For those looking to explore Vancouver's stunning landscapes and vibrant city scenes, Star Coach's guided sightseeing tours offer an immersive experience like no other.

Explore Sports Team Transportation Vancouver here Bus driver service
Vancouver VIP Tour Bus
An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

Frequently Asked Questions

To manage maintenance and ensure reliability, you'd regularly schedule rigorous inspections and maintenance for the fleet. This proactive approach minimizes breakdowns and keeps the Prevost H3-45 buses in top-notch condition for your travels.

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Yes, minors traveling alone on Star Coach buses need special permissions. You'll need to provide a consent form and possibly additional documentation depending on the minor's age. It's best to check directly with them for specifics.